ABSTRACT
Objective: To estimate the summation of mortality rate and the contributing factors in patients with traumatic thoracolumbar spinal cord injuries [TLSCI]
Methods: A systematic search of observational studies that evaluated the mortality associated with TLSCI in MEDLINE and EMBASE was conducted. The study quality was evaluated using a modified quality assessment tool previously designed for observational studies
Results: Twenty-four observational studies involving 11,205 patients were included, published between January 1, 1997, and February 6, 2016. Ten studies were of high quality, thirteen were of moderate quality, and one study was of low quality. Seventeen reports described risk factors for mortality and eleven of these studies used a multiple regression models to adjust for confounders. The reported mortality rate ranged from 0 to 37.7% overall and between 0 and 10.4% in-hospital. The sum of mortality for in-hospital, 6-month, and 12-month were 5.2%, 26.12%, 4.3%, respectively. The mortality at 7.7 years follow-up was 10.07% and for 14 years follow-up reports ranged from 13.47% to 21.46%. Associated data such as age at injury, male to female ratio, pre-existing comorbidities, concomitant injuries, duration of follow-up, and cause of death have been underreported in studies investigating the mortality rate after TLSCI
Conclusion: Currently no study has accurately assessed mortality in the thoracolumbar spine, while there is general agreement that traumatic thoracolumbar spinal cord injuries are important
ABSTRACT
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of olfaction, audition and tactile senses in mobility and orientation of blinds.
Methods: The statistical sample of this research included 100 blind persons aged between 16 and 75 years [61 males and 39 females] with different level of education [16 persons lower than the diploma, 26 persons diploma, 46 persons bachelor, 12 person MA], were randomly selected from most regions of the country. Analysis of obtained data were done by Friedman statistical method and using the SPSS software.
Results: It showed the close relationship between the senses, and according to the null hypothesis, based on senses role from the blind's opinion, audition sense has a highest rating and tactile sense has a lowest rating in mobility and orientation of blinds.
Discussion: Telemetry senses, especially audition, were more important in mobility and orientation of blinds. Thus, with proper training of blinds to use their existing capabilities and also with organizing the environments around in a way to increase their ability, they can have mobility and activity in environment easily.